ОЦІНКА ФАКТОРІВ ESG НА ФІНАНСОВОМУ РИНКУ: МОДЕРУЮЧА РОЛЬ ТИСКУ АКЦІОНЕРІВ І ВПЛИВ НА ФІНАНСОВУ ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
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Анотація
Це дослідження вивчає зв'язок між екологічною, соціальною та управлінською (ESG) діяльністю й цінністю компаній у конкретному контексті В'єтнаму — ринку, що розвивається, виходячи за межі простого прямого зв'язку, щоб визначити, коли і як ESG створює цінність, систематично перевіряючи модеруючу роль тиску акціонерів. Використовуючи комплексний панельний набір даних із 395 зареєстрованих нефінансових компаній у В'єтнамі з 2015 по 2024 рік та вручну створений індекс розкриття ESG на основі міжнародних стандартів і внутрішніх нормативів, дослідження застосовує модель регресії з фіксованими ефектами та методологію System GMM для прискіпливого вивчення потенційної ендогенності. Результати виявляють помітний парадокс ESG: окремо зусилля ESG не мають позитивного впливу, а можуть навіть негативно корелювати з цінністю компанії. Однак ці відносини суттєво й позитивно трансформуються під тиском акціонерів, де й інституційна, і, що ще потужніше, іноземна власність виступають ключовими механізмами моніторингу, які гарантують, що інвестиції ESG перетворюються на реальні фінансові вигоди. Подальший аналіз показує, що цей ефект пом'якшення найбільш виражений у стовпі управління (G) та в капіталомістких галузях із високим впливом на довкілля. Дослідження дійшло висновку, що в умовах розвитку інституційного середовища В'єтнаму нагляд акціонерів є не лише стимулятором, а фундаментальною передумовою для того, щоб ESG нарощував цінність. Ці результати дають значні практичні наслідки, радять менеджерам надавати пріоритет міцній основі управління, заохочують інвесторів упроваджувати детальний, специфічний аналітичний підхід для стовпів і закликають політиків зміцнити рамки управління та сприяти прозорій ESG-екосистемі для боротьби з грінвошингом і сприяння суттєвому сталому розвиткові.
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