ПРОГРАМА ДОДАТКОВОЇ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ ДОПОМОГИ (SNAP): ДОСВІД США ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
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Анотація
Метою дослідження є вивчення досвіду США в реалізації заходів боротьби з продовольчою небезпекою для американських громадян за допомогою Програми додаткової продовольчої допомоги (SNAP) та обґрунтування попередньої оцінки можливості застосування аналогічної програми в Україні.
При збільшенні витрат українських домогосподарств-учасників потенційної національної програми продовольчої допомоги на 78857,28 млн грн початкове мультиплікативне зростання ВВП становитиме 84535,0 млн грн. Збільшення витрат українських домогосподарств на продукти харчування та безалкогольні напої за рахунок програми продовольчої допомоги на 4,3% зумовить збільшення інвестиційного попиту в харчовій промисловості України на 3,2%, або на 677,3 млн грн.
За критерієм доходу, право на участь у програмі продовольчої допомоги може мати домогосподарство, у якого чистий місячний дохід повинен бути нижчий за 100% прожиткового мінімуму. Формула може передбачати, що домогосподарства витрачають на харчування 60% свого чистого доходу, а програма продовольчої допомоги компенсує різницю між цією сумою та вартістю «бюджету ощадливого харчування».
Є необхідність фахової дискусії з приводу: складових та їхнього розміру в переліку відрахувань із сукупного доходу домогосподарства для отримання чистого доходу; створення принципово нового інституту – «бюджет ощадливого харчування»; приведення нормативного прожиткового мінімуму у відповідність до фактичного; перегляду порогового значення індикатора «економічна доступність продуктів», який наразі становить 60%, у бік його зниження.
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