ПОКАЗНИКИ ESG, УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРИБУТКАМИ ТА ФІНАНСОВІ ПОКАЗНИКИ: ДАНІ З ПОЛЬЩІ

Main Article Content

Міхал Компорек
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-2505

Анотація

Основна мета дослідження – вивчення взаємозв'язку між показниками діяльності ESG та показниками прибутковості 33 публічних компаній, що котируються на Варшавській фондовій біржі. Використовуючи методологію Refinitiv, ми відповідаємо на питання, чи позитивно впливають екологічні, соціальні та управлінські показники компанії на співвідношення ROA, ROE й ROC, чи існує негативний зв'язок. Другорядною метою дослідження є вивчення взаємозв'язку між прибутковістю та величиною управління сукупним прибутком у тестованій вибірці. Пом'якшувальний вплив маніпулювання прибутками на зв'язки між ефективністю ESG та показниками прибутковості компанії є прогалиною в дослідженнях, яка на сьогодні недостатньо вивчена. Це дослідження демонструє суперечливі результати: спостерігався позитивний зв'язок між соціальним виміром ESG-активностей та фінансовими показниками компаній щодо коефіцієнтів ROE й ROC. Негативний вплив рангу екологічної складової на коефіцієнт ROA був урахований лише в окремих регресійних аналізах. Оцінка компонента корпоративного управління статистично не вплинула на тестовані показники прибутковості. З іншого боку, ми зібрали докази того, що публічні компанії з високим спектром нефінансових розкриттів схильні змінювати прибуток через нарахування, а дискреційні нарахування статистично впливають на коефіцієнти ROA, ROE та ROC. Цей висновок контрастує з попередніми дослідженнями, які стверджували, що феномен управління прибутками є типовою проблемою агентства й що політика необов'язкового розкриття інформації відповідно до припущень ESG може обмежити асиметрію переваг інформації та управлінської інформації.

Article Details

Посилання

Agnese, P., Battaglia, F., Busato, F., & Taddeo, S. (2023). ESG controversies and governance: Evidence from the banking industry. Finance Research Letters, 52, 103397, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103397

Ali, H., Amin, H., Mostafa, D., & Mohamed, E. (2022). Earnings management and investor protection during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic: evidence from G-12 countries. Managerial Auditing Journal, 37(7), 775-797. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-07-2021-3232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-07-2021-3232

Aydoğmuş, M., Gülay, G., & Ergun, K. (2022). Impact of ESG performance on firm value and profitability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.006

Bachtijeva, D., & Tamulevičiené, D. (2022). Comparing earnings management and creative accounting. A general review. The Theoretical Journal of Accounting, 46(2), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8812

Beneish, M.D. (2001). Earnings management: a perspective. Managerial Finance, 27(12), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350110767411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350110767411

Borralho, J.M., Hernández-Linares, R. & Gallardo-Vázquez, D., & Paiva, I. (2022). Environmental, social and governance disclosure’s impacts on earnings management: Family versus non-family firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 379, 134603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134603

Bui T.T.L., Anh, T.T.L., & Hoang, T. (2024). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Empirical study of Vietnamese commercial banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(1), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.18

Callao, S., Jarne, J.I., & Wróblewski, D. (2017). Detecting Earnings Management Investigation on Different Models Measuring Earnings Management for Emerging Eastern European Countries. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 5(11), 222-259. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1095448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2351

Cheng, B, Ioannis, I., & Serafeim, G. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and Access to Finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2131

Chouaibi, S., Rossi, M., Siggia, D., & Chouaibi, J. (2022). Exploring the Moderating Role of Social and Ethical Practices in the Relationship between Environmental Disclosure and Financial Performance: Evidence from ESG Companies. Sustainbility, 14(1), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010209

Comporek, M. (2019). The use of operational cash flow in the estimation of accrual-based earnings management. Financial Sciences, 24(2), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.15611/fins.2019.2.04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15611/fins.2019.2.04

Dalal, K.K., & Thaker, N. (2019). ESG and Corporate Financial Performance: A Panel Study of Indian Companies. Journal of Corporate Governance, 18, 44–59.

Dechow, P., Richardson, S., & Tuna, I., (2003). Why are earnings kinky? An examination of the earnings management explanation, Review of Accounting Studies, 8, 355-384, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024481916719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024481916719

Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G., & Sweeney, A.P. (1995). Detecting earnings management. The Accounting Review, 70(2), 193-225.

Degeorge, F., Patel, J., & Zeckhauser, R. (1999). Earnings Management to Exceed Thresholds. The Journal of Business, 72(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/209601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/209601

Ehlers, T., Elsenhuber, U., Jegarasasingam, A.,& Jondeau, E. (2024). Deconstructing ESG scores: investing at the category score level. Journal of Asset Management, 25, 222–244. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-024-00356-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-024-00356-1

Ewert, R., & Wagenhofer, A. (2005). Economic effects of tightening accounting standards to restrict earnings management. The Accounting Review, 80(4), 1101-1124. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.4.1101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.4.1101

Garcia, A. S., & Orsato, R. J. (2020). Hypothesis: A Study About Environmental, Social, Governance, and Financial performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3261-3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2570

Gras-Gil, E., Manzano, M. P., & Fernández, J. H. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: Evidence from Spain. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(4), 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2016.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2016.02.002

Gray, R. (2001). Thirty years of social accounting, reporting and auditing: What (if anything) have we learnt?. Business Ethics: A European Review, 10(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00207

Haans, R. F. J., Pieters, C., & He, Z. L. (2016). Thinking About U: Theorizing and Testing U- and Inverted U-Shaped Relationships in Strategy Research. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1177–1195. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.2399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2399

Hamdi, K., Guenich, H., & Ben Saada, M. (2022). Does corporate financial performance promote ESG: Evidence from US firms. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2154053. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2154053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2154053

Hanum, N., Wardhani, D. K., & Utami, R. A. B. (2024). The Effect Of Financial Distress And Profitability On Earning Management. Tax Accounting Applied Journal, 2(2), 26-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/taaij.2023.22206

Healy, P. N., & Palepu, K. G. (2001). Information Asymmetry, Corporate Disclosure, and the Capital Markets: A Review of the Empirical Disclosure Literature. Journal of Accounting & Economic, 31, 405-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00018-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00018-0

Healy, P.M., & Wahlen, J.M. (1999) A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Its Implications for Standard Setting. Accounting Horizons, 13, 365-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.1999.13.4.365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.1999.13.4.365

Huang, D.Z.X. (2021). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) activity and firm performance: a review and consolidation. Accounting & Finance, 61, 335-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12569

Kallunki, J-P., & Martikainen, M. (2003). European Accounting Review, 12(2), 311-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818032000089409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818032000089409

Kouzez, M., Lee, J.-Y., & Leroux, J. (2024). Investment in ESG activities and bank performance: does bank ownership matter?. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 18(4/5), 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2023.10053288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2024.139628

Leuz, C., Nanda, D., & Wysocki, P. (2002) Earnings Management and Investor Protection: An International Comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 69, 505-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00121-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00121-1

Li, T.-T., Wang, K., Sueyoshi, T. & Wang, D.D. (2021). ESG: Research Progress and Future Prospects. Sustainability, 13, 11663. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111663

Matos, P. (2020). ESG and responsible institutional investing around the world. A critical review. CFA Institute Research Foundation. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3668998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3668998

Mikołajek-Gocejna, M. (2024). The Relationship Between ESG Rating and Firm Value—Evidence from Companies Listed on Polish Capital Market in the WIG-ESG Index. Central European Economic Journal, 11(58), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-0011

Nollet, J., Filis, G., & Mitrokostas, E. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: A Non-Linear and Disaggregated Approach. Economic Modelling, 52, 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.09.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.09.019

Özer, G., Aktaş, N., & Çam, İ., (2023). Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Scores and Financial Performance of Publicly Listed Companies in Turkey. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18(2), 337 –353. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1239759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1239759

Rahmah, E. D. D., & Iskandar, Y. (2021). The Effect of Profitability and Financial Risk on Earning Management of Mobile Telecommunication Operators That Registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015 - 2018. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 4(4), 362-368. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2021.1041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2021.1041

Refinitiv. (2022). Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Scores from Refinitiv. Technical report. https://www.lseg.com/content/dam/marketing/en_us/documents/methodology/refinitiv-esg-scores-methodology.pdf

Saha, A.K., & Khan, I. (2024). Sustainable prosperity: unravelling the Nordic nexus of ESG, financial performance, and corporate governance. European Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2023-0276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2023-0276

Shivakumar, L. (1996). Estimating abnormal accruals for detection of earnings management. Working paper, Vanderbilt University, March.

Siwiec, K., & Karkowska, R. (2024). Relationship between ESG and Financial Performance of Companies in the Central and Eastern European Region. Central European Economic Journal, 11(58), 178-199. https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-0013

Sun, W., Chen, S., Jiao, Y.,& Feng, X. (2024). How does ESG constrain corporate earnings management? Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 61, 104983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.104983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.104983

Taleatu, T.A., Adetula D.T. & Iyoha, F.O. (2020). Effect of upper echelons’ demographic characteristics on earnings management in troubled non-listed companies in Nigeria. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 7(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1780839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1780839

Tancke, L., Užík, M., Block S., Glova, J., & Boha, H. (2023). Managerial perspective on ESG and financial performance of car manufacturers. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 28(1), 330-343. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2023.28.1.19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2023.28.1.19

Uddin, M. H. (2023). The moderating role of COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between CEO characteristics and earnings management: evidence from Bangladesh. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2190196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2190196

Velte, P. (2017). Does ESG performance have an impact on financial performance? Evidence from Germany. Journal of Global Responsibility, 8(2), 69-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-11-2016-0029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-11-2016-0029

Watts, R.L., & Zimmerman, J.L. (1990). Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. The Accounting Review, 65(1), 131-156. https://www.jstor.org/stable/247880.

Widiasmara, A.W., & Endah Saputri, F.A. (2022). The effect of financial characteristics on earnings management moderated by corporate governance. Semestre Económico, 24(57), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.22395/seec.v24n57a7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22395/seec.v24n57a7

Xie, J., Wataru, N., Michiyuki, Y., Hidemichi, F., & Shunsuke, M. (2019). Do Environmental, Social, and Governance Activities Improve Corporate Financial Performance?. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28, 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2224

Yamaguchi, T. (2020). Earnings management to achieve industry-average profitability in Japan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 29(2), 402–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2020.1726188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2020.1726188

Yuan, X., Li, Z., Xu, J., & Shang, L. (2022). ESG disclosure and corporate financial irregularities: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 332, 129992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129992

Zhao, C., Guo, Y., Yuan, J., Wu, M., Li, D., Zhou, Y., Kang, J. (2018). ESG and Corporate Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from China’s Listed Power Generation Companies. Sustainability. 10(8), 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082607